Supporting Symptoms of Dementia: Insights from Alzheimer Society of Toronto

September marks World Alzheimer’s Month, a global initiative aimed at raising awareness about Alzheimer’s and dementia. As part of CareProvide’s commitment to this cause, our team has joined the E.A.S.E. program (Education, Access, Self-care, Empowerment for Health Care Professionals), organized by the Alzheimer Society of Toronto. This 4-session program equips healthcare professionals with practical tools to improve care for persons living with dementia. Our team is dedicated to applying the knowledge gained, sharing it with our community, and spreading awareness to support individuals and families affected by dementia.

In this first session, we explored the topic of Supporting Symptoms of Dementia, learning about the various symptoms that people with dementia may experience, how they manifest in everyday situations, and the impact caregivers can have in providing support.

1. Amnesia (Memory Loss)
   People with dementia often experience memory loss, like forgetting where they left their belongings. A helpful approach is creating a daily routine and designating specific spots for important items, such as always keeping a purse by the door. Tracking devices, like an AirTag, can also assist in locating lost items.
2. Aphasia (Language Loss)
   Aphasia refers to difficulty recognizing or using words correctly. Caregivers can use picture cards and label objects to assist with communication. It’s crucial not to rush or interrupt individuals, as this can increase frustration. Give them the time and space they need to find their words.
3. Agnosia (Loss of Recognition)
   Agnosia involves difficulty recognizing familiar objects or people. For example, a person might use a fork as a comb or mistake a loved one for a stranger. Demonstrating the correct use of items with patience, and labeling objects with pictures, can help alleviate confusion.
4. Apraxia (Loss of Purposeful Movement)
   Apraxia affects the ability to coordinate movements. For instance, someone might wear clothes incorrectly, like putting a jacket over a t-shirt. Adaptive devices and simple clothing designs, along with clear, concise instructions, can assist with these daily tasks.
5. Anosognosia (Lack of Awareness)
   In this case, the person may be unaware of their condition or limitations. They may believe they don’t need help, even when it’s clear they do. Building trust and approaching communication gently, without confrontation, helps caregivers encourage cooperation in a non-threatening way.
6. Altered Perception
   Individuals may misinterpret their environment, such as mistaking shadows for people or confusing objects. Altered perception can also affect depth perception, making it difficult to navigate stairs or recognize the depth of water in a bathtub. Using contrasting colors in their surroundings and offering reassurance can help reduce anxiety.
7. Apathy (Loss of Motivation)
   Those experiencing apathy may seem uninterested in activities they used to enjoy. It’s important to give clear, specific instructions and gently encourage engagement in activities. Involving family members and breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable steps can also help spark interest.
8. Attention Deficit
   A person with dementia may have difficulty focusing on tasks or become fixated on certain subjects. Simple, calming strategies like redirecting their attention or moving them to a quieter space can help. Providing simple choices during daily routines, such as meal selections, can make them feel more involved without overwhelming them.